{"id":3552,"date":"2026-08-12T17:12:59","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T17:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/?p=3552"},"modified":"2026-08-12T17:13:02","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T17:13:02","slug":"termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/2026\/08\/12\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. H., Zheng, L., Heil, C. A., Hubbard, K. 2022. <em>Estuarine, Costal and Shelf Science<\/em>, 272. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.107901\" title=\"\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.107901<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The 2018 Karenia brevis harmful algal bloom experienced along the west coast of Florida was the worst red tide occurrence there since 2005. Cell concentrations peaked in early fall of 2018, lessened in winter, and disappeared early in 2019. Here we examine the termination of this red tide event by using hindcast simulations of the West Florida Coastal Ocean Model, a numerical ocean circulation model that downscales from the deep Gulf of Mexico, across the continental shelf and into the estuaries. The underlying hypothesis is that without an offshore source of K. brevis cells, a nearshore bloom may quickly dissipate under the influence of a persistent upwelling circulation. To test this hypothesis, we used a passive tracer (without consideration of biological growth or decay) in the model to virtually indicate K. brevis cells. The tracer, inputted along the central West Florida coast where highest bloom concentrations were observed, was subsequently transported southward along the coast and offshore, significantly reducing the tracer concentrations over the three-month-long experimental duration, as was observed for the actual K. brevis cell concentrations. Whereas modeled tracer concentrations decreased over most of the West Florida coast, relatively higher concentrations remained just south of Sanibel Island, trapped there by the sharp bend in the coastline. Longer residence time for this area has important K. brevis implications. Lake Okeechobee nutrient flux through the Caloosahatchee River was thought to contribute to red tide in this region, and while these inputs may be a factor, a persistent upwelling circulation may also play a contributing role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pdf.sciencedirectassets.com\/272396\/1-s2.0-S0272771422X00085\/1-s2.0-S0272771422001603\/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQDvZwK5AyS6OhJrp08mFZi7yW7bfv%2FJjp0yMVAXKcFuwwIgczdi5rAZOjztF3X1D8NpknPIQK2HTLQueVFd4PQytZIqvAUI0f%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDJwA4RPgBExRn7WxAiqQBX3ydeS72wnTMArgcJOT2CfExlLp88dpzZT9R3vMMAj%2BrlsmJuun%2BWoBQ%2Fw7LICbc%2BjDTtd4W2x2jq%2B1EyWdRRO7KgrzccQemTokO1BQD3oiqTq13B3uHSH%2FjfxH40qDQOqxr9fSXr2jWffad383ILe5FN8HzDGsdJJxeEXYIgEttdJ%2Bz6KvMHWtam9cDY12Fhr%2Be4nGZwZWlC1TXBu6JIEcDxzjVEc9Vyhc6ZiDBEuY%2BA6HdgZuiHouc%2FS7MYJvK1itXeoz4lhCpcj9htS7og14XmGhBH%2F1qI98sn3bixmLFwXemsqA4%2B76Rxt7%2BBM2MGWDw6iZH%2F4uZDSQmpwrhqcJYS%2BDW7H8JW4f1DYnn%2BS30xw1P6%2BYTBCvGV0pCi%2FppdT7cE4d4rUPhFi%2FRAy4IyZr0DLA46%2BOhENYYXHuSP0bWROaZd2XkbNypod17DbTmq8txwi2IJIvULZGsa6c0x6hHsmM3goj%2FZlQbf9VtDMdVF%2BSDVb9GsrdUM5VjR0Patx3kPxwcn%2BcnCJml8yqSS9zamLXk2MQ%2BzEHQWlQSFrgqjQOaLF8AGTHW2d4Zo2U%2FJlXP%2Fbw0UXVeZ6LBMXrTzYbooUfb3JOlJB2MGd%2BmfioRpQSEEgs6fprLvLHQgGk49X0FqKaIxMTSvHAmC2ReIAQBuyBUlvw6femd0UAUlxuATwbAmfXPnecRe9HEJ8TVE8xhfsGVScIQKKNqWYOCWIxBh7crUUhabiAGBl8WzlXiXmYHTbn6L35Cc0wBPWQZPkDHvzhuoerAwcml2KuEVXUPHiyTaq48KtNA4iCyVd7cm%2FU2701xWJd4pbVgei2Ical3B9Cb7R6th94lsGTyhOn1x4Pirbo1hfLOgmEnlWHMPq18tMGOrEBfW6O3V7dWq3Ruw6mey5SJApHTDyyM5xXAgXm0XT%2BRwxi4gcFc5yRZUsJ2M9LpJnuTgS6rF98TMFRrKC17jFQdUZ1l8ed%2BrodeubcyJEC2JPfdTJY8unVIHnoPaZMkwRJYuuzJjJv1Ngh0ZtOblxd%2FCzA3HBIiujYRjW9fvVwfTJ2iM%2F9nRBTYioLVPNvUHWUtkiGfei4SMYc3DvqdDio60UDhqmONn%2BMmZuPz8nnuL%2BB&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260812T171117Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=300&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY3L7PPOZX%2F20260812%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=96c3d7d4d0d2c1ed66fc679b5329b83f9723888fac6c4c3826c2a0f5ed3891c3&amp;hash=e1721d27e363d4ea8647ccb326cf7d8aee7bb5340f57d0b6a28109219cb20a2a&amp;host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&amp;pii=S0272771422001603&amp;tid=spdf-1697a6f9-92af-49b5-85fc-46a640bd7cb4&amp;sid=c2f960e346c12743c52a14f3dcd5bde42822gxrqa&amp;type=client&amp;tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&amp;rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&amp;ua=131d0557065754575303&amp;rr=a2a1192f0a4303b2&amp;cc=us\" title=\"\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. H., Zheng, L., Heil, C. A., Hubbard, K. 2022. Estuarine, Costal and Shelf Science, 272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.107901 Abstract: The 2018 Karenia brevis harmful algal bloom experienced along the west coast of Florida was the worst red tide occurrence there since 2005. Cell concentrations peaked in early fall of 2018, lessened in winter, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[121],"tags":[132],"class_list":["post-3552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publications","tag-132"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. H., Zheng, L., Heil, C. A., Hubbard, K. 2022. Estuarine, Costal and Shelf Science, 272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.107901 Abstract: The 2018 Karenia brevis harmful algal bloom experienced along the west coast of Florida was the worst red tide occurrence there since 2005. Cell concentrations peaked in early fall of 2018, lessened in winter,\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Roxann Vistocci\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/2026\/08\/12\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.0.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"COMIT - Center for Mapping and Innovative Technologies\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective - COMIT\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. H., Zheng, L., Heil, C. A., Hubbard, K. 2022. Estuarine, Costal and Shelf Science, 272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.107901 Abstract: The 2018 Karenia brevis harmful algal bloom experienced along the west coast of Florida was the worst red tide occurrence there since 2005. Cell concentrations peaked in early fall of 2018, lessened in winter,\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/2026\/08\/12\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-12T17:12:59+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-12T17:13:02+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective - COMIT\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. H., Zheng, L., Heil, C. A., Hubbard, K. 2022. 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Cell concentrations peaked in early fall of 2018, lessened in winter,\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/12\\\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\\\/#blogposting\",\"name\":\"Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective - COMIT\",\"headline\":\"Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/author\\\/roxann\\\/#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/#organization\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-12T17:12:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-12T17:13:02+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/12\\\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\\\/#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/12\\\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\\\/#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"Publications, 2022\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/12\\\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/category\\\/publications\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Publications\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/category\\\/publications\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publications\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/category\\\/publications\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/12\\\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/12\\\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/category\\\/publications\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Publications\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"COMIT\",\"description\":\"Center for Mapping and Innovative Technologies\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/author\\\/roxann\\\/#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/author\\\/roxann\\\/\",\"name\":\"Roxann Vistocci\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/12\\\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\\\/#authorImage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ffa443499df5d3a71951ac7edfdd515a4650fccaa98f2e05428ca52009de61d6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"width\":96,\"height\":96,\"caption\":\"Roxann Vistocci\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/12\\\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marine.usf.edu\\\/comit\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/12\\\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\\\/\",\"name\":\"Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective - COMIT\",\"description\":\"Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. 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H., Zheng, L., Heil, C. A., Hubbard, K. 2022. Estuarine, Costal and Shelf Science, 272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.107901 Abstract: The 2018 Karenia brevis harmful algal bloom experienced along the west coast of Florida was the worst red tide occurrence there since 2005. 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H., Zheng, L., Heil, C. A., Hubbard, K. 2022. Estuarine, Costal and Shelf Science, 272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.107901 Abstract: The 2018 Karenia brevis harmful algal bloom experienced along the west coast of Florida was the worst red tide occurrence there since 2005. Cell concentrations peaked in early fall of 2018, lessened in winter,","og:url":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/2026\/08\/12\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\/","article:published_time":"2026-08-12T17:12:59+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-08-12T17:13:02+00:00","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective - COMIT","twitter:description":"Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. H., Zheng, L., Heil, C. A., Hubbard, K. 2022. Estuarine, Costal and Shelf Science, 272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.107901 Abstract: The 2018 Karenia brevis harmful algal bloom experienced along the west coast of Florida was the worst red tide occurrence there since 2005. Cell concentrations peaked in early fall of 2018, lessened in winter,"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"3552","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"BlogPosting","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"schemas":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":{"subject":"","preview":"","content":""},"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"created":"2026-08-12 17:10:59","updated":"2026-08-12 17:47:31","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/category\/publications\/\" title=\"Publications\">Publications<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tTermination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit"},{"label":"Publications","link":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/category\/publications\/"},{"label":"Termination of the 2018 Florida red tide event: A tracer model perspective","link":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/2026\/08\/12\/termination-of-the-2018-florida-red-tide-event-a-tracer-model-perspective\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3552"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3553,"href":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3552\/revisions\/3553"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marine.usf.edu\/comit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}